Plumbing Problems 101: How to Unclog, Tighten, and Seal

When plumbing problems strike, panic tends to follow. Whether it’s a clogged sink, a leaky faucet, or a toilet that won’t stop running, these issues can make your home feel like it’s falling apart. But here’s the truth: most minor plumbing problems can be solved with a few basic tools and a little know-how—no plumber required.

As a Central Florida handyman, I get called in for many of these “small” jobs after homeowners have spent a weekend trying to fix them. So today, I will walk you through the most common plumbing issues and how to handle them safely and effectively.

How to Unclog a Sink Drain

Let’s start with the most common plumbing issue in the home: a slow or clogged drain. Kitchen sinks often get clogged with grease, food debris, or soap scum, while bathroom drains usually build up hair and toothpaste.

What You’ll Need:

• Plunger

• Zip-it drain tool or wire hanger

• Baking soda and vinegar (optional)

• Bucket and towels

Step-by-Step:

1. Remove any visible debris. Pull out hair or food particles by hand or with a plastic drain snake.

2. Try a plunger. Cover the overflow opening with a rag and plunge the drain forcefully several times.

3. Use baking soda and vinegar. Pour ½ cup baking soda down the drain, followed by 1 cup vinegar. Let it sit for 15–20 minutes, then flush with hot water.

4. Check the P-trap. Place a bucket under the U-shaped pipe, unscrew the fittings, and clear any buildup.

5. Reassemble and test. Tighten everything back up and run water to ensure the clog is gone.

Avoid chemical drain cleaners if possible. They can damage pipes and are harsh on septic systems, especially in older Florida homes.

How to Fix a Leaky Faucet

A dripping faucet wastes water and can damage sinks or countertops over time. Most leaks are caused by worn-out washers or cartridges inside the faucet handle.

What You’ll Need:

• Adjustable wrench

• Screwdriver

• Replacement washer or cartridge (bring old one to the hardware store)

• Plumber’s grease (optional)

Step-by-Step:

1. Turn off the water supply. Look under the sink for the shutoff valves and turn them clockwise.

2. Remove the faucet handle. Use a screwdriver to access the internal components.

3. Take out the cartridge or washer. Inspect for wear or cracking.

4. Replace the worn part. Make sure it matches the size and model.

5. Reassemble and test. Turn the water back on and check for leaks.

If your faucet still leaks, the valve seat may be corroded. In that case, a faucet replacement might be the simplest option.

How to Seal a Leaky Pipe or Connection

Loose fittings, worn washers, or dried-out seals often cause leaks under the sink or behind the toilet.

What You’ll Need:

• Pipe wrench or adjustable wrench

• Plumber’s tape (Teflon tape)

• Plumber’s putty or silicone caulk

• Towels or a bucket

Step-by-Step:

1. Identify the leak source. Dry the area and look for water buildup or dripping when the water runs.

2. Tighten fittings. Use a wrench to tighten pipe connections gently. Don’t overdo it—this can crack PVC or strip threads.

3. Use plumber’s tape. Wrap Teflon tape around threaded connections clockwise before tightening. This helps create a watertight seal.

4. Apply sealant if needed. Use plumber’s putty or silicone caulk to seal around sink drains, pipe gaskets, or toilet bases.

Still seeing moisture? Shut off the water and call a professional. Behind the wall, there may be a cracked pipe or damaged fitting.

How to Fix a Running Toilet

A constantly running toilet can waste hundreds of gallons of water each month. The fix usually involves the flapper, float, or fill valve inside the tank.

What You’ll Need:

• Toilet repair kit (includes flapper, fill valve, and float)

• Adjustable wrench

• Sponge and towel

Step-by-Step:

1. Remove the tank lid and flush the toilet. Watch how the components operate.

2. Check the flapper. Water will keep flowing into the bowl if it doesn't seal properly.

3. Adjust the float. The water level should sit about an inch below the overflow tube.

4. If needed, replace the fill valve. Shut off the water, drain the tank, and install a new valve using the instructions in the kit.

5. Test and fine-tune. Turn the water back on and ensure the tank fills properly without overflowing.

This fix takes less than 30 minutes and costs under $20. It’s one of the easiest ways to cut your water bill.

How to Stop a Dripping Showerhead

A dripping showerhead is usually caused by mineral buildup or a faulty washer inside the head or shower arm.

What You’ll Need:

• Wrench or pliers

• Teflon tape

• White vinegar (for soaking)

Step-by-Step:

1. Turn off the shower valve or main water line.

2. Remove the showerhead. Unscrew it from the arm using pliers with a rag to avoid scratching.

3. Clean and soak. Soak the head in vinegar to remove mineral buildup.

4. Wrap threads with Teflon tape. This helps form a better seal.

5. Reattach and test. If dripping continues, replace the washer or consider upgrading the head.

Bonus tip: Swap in a low-flow showerhead while you’re at it to reduce water use and improve pressure.

Bonus: Tools Every DIY Plumber Should Own

For minor repairs and weekend fixes, it helps to keep a few basic tools and supplies on hand:

• Plunger (cup and flange style)

• Adjustable wrench and pipe wrench

• Screwdriver set

• Plumber’s tape and putty

• Utility knife

• Bucket and towels

• Drain snake or zip tool

If you’re handling home maintenance, these tools will cover 90% of typical plumbing jobs.

When to Call a Pro

DIY plumbing is great—until it’s not. Know when to pick up the phone and save yourself from water damage, mold, or significant repairs. Call in a handyman or licensed plumber if you’re facing:

• Repeated clogs or backups in multiple drains

• Water pooling under the sink or around the toilet base

• Low water pressure throughout the house

• Pipe leaks inside walls or ceilings

• Sewer smells or bubbling drains

At Moxie Home Pros, we handle plumbing issues of all sizes across Central Florida. Whether you’re dealing with a stubborn clog or need help replacing fixtures, we’ve got the tools, experience, and Moxie to get the job done right.

Final Thoughts

Basic plumbing skills go a long way when protecting your home and your wallet. With a few beginner tools and a little confidence, you can fix most minor plumbing issues on your own—and learn something useful.

But when in doubt, don’t risk water damage or wasted weekends.

Visit www.moxiehomepros.com to book a repair or request a free estimate. We proudly serve homeowners throughout Orlando, Oviedo, Winter Springs, Altamonte Springs, and nearby areas.

Let Moxie handle it—before that small leak becomes a big problem.